GNU/Linux Desktop Survival Guide
by Graham Williams
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GNU/Linux Desktop Survival Guide by Graham Williams |
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Debian Packages: grub
Grub (the GRand Unified Bootloader) is a boot loader designed to address the limitations of lilo. It makes up for numerous deficiencies in many PC BIOSs while providing full-featured command line and graphical interfaces. Grub recognises fdisk partitions, can dynamically read Linux ext2fs, and MSDOS FAT16 and FAT32 filesystems, and can boot multiboot-compliant kernels (such as GNU Mach), as well as standard Linux and MSWindows kernels.
A good introduction to grub is available from http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/grub.html and a good guide to multi-boot setup is http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Multiboot-with-GRUB.html. This latter resource looks at multi-booting four operating systems although the information is still useful if all you want is to multiboot just two.
To switch from lilo
to grub
simply install it
with:
# wajig install grub # grub-install /dev/hda # update-grub |
This creates a /boot/grub/menu.lst file which you might like to review just to make sure it looks okay. For most simple situations it should be fine.
For a dual boot with MSWindows/NT on the first partition and Linux on
the second (like Mint), you may need to change the default
locations of Linux. Look at /boot/grub/menu.lst to see if the
following two lines have been changed:
# kopt=root=/dev/hda1 ro # groot=(hd0,0) |
# kopt=root=/dev/hda2 ro # groot=(hd0,1) |
title Windows NT rootnoverify (hd0,0) makeactive chainloader +1 |
Once it looks okay, run update-grub then reboot!
When installing new kernels you can have the new kernel automatically
added to the menu by adding the following lines to
/etc/kernel-img.conf (and in fact making the file look the
same as) :
# Turn off Lilo stuff do_symlinks = no do_bootloader = no # Initrds are OK for GRUB do_initrd = yes # Run cool GRUB stuff postinst_hook = /sbin/update-grub postrm_hook = /sbin/update-grub |
If you start having problems booting, at the grub
menu
type c to get the command line. Try:
root (hd0,4) (/dev/hda5) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-bf2.4 root=/dev/hda5 ro boot |
More information on using grub is available from the Linux Journal.
