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doc:appunti:hardware:raspberrypi_air [2017/10/07 20:40] – [Basic Raspbian Setup] niccolodoc:appunti:hardware:raspberrypi_air [2020/08/14 10:17] (current) – [Rapsberry Pi Air Quality Station] niccolo
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-====== Rapsberry Pi Air Quality Station ======+====== Raspberry Pi Air Quality Station ======
  
 This is my second approach to the **[[wp>Internet of things]]**, this time I built a **weather station** to be installed on the balcony. The first one, which was based also on the [[wp>Raspberry Pi]], was a [[raspberrypi_thermostat|programmable thermostat]]. This is my second approach to the **[[wp>Internet of things]]**, this time I built a **weather station** to be installed on the balcony. The first one, which was based also on the [[wp>Raspberry Pi]], was a [[raspberrypi_thermostat|programmable thermostat]].
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 {{.:raspberrypi:airpi_fritzing-view.png?direct&480|AirPi breadboard view with Fritzing}} {{.:raspberrypi:airpi_fritzing-view.png?direct&480|AirPi breadboard view with Fritzing}}
 {{.:raspberrypi:airpi_components.jpg?direct&480 |AirPi components}} {{.:raspberrypi:airpi_components.jpg?direct&480 |AirPi components}}
 +
 +====== Software setup ======
 +
 +===== Basic Raspbian Setup =====
 +
 +The base system is a **Raspbian GNU/Linux 9**, based on **Debian Stretch**. Some system configurations are accomplished using the **raspi-config** tool, we run at least:
 +
 +  * **Interfacing Options**
 +    * **Enable SSH** to get remote login via SSH.
 +    * **Enable I2C**, on this bus we have the BME280 sensor and the DS3231 clock.
 +    * **Serial**
 +      * **Disable Serial Login Shell**, our software will use the serial line instead.
 +      * **Enable Serial Port**, we have the PMS5003 sensor attached to it.
 +  * **Localisation Options**
 +    * **Change Locale**, choose the locales you nedd (e.g. en_US.UTF-8).
 +    * **Change Timezone**, set the proper timezone. Data timestamps will be stored in UTC time.
 +    * **Change Wi-fi Country**, to use the proper frequencies, etc.
 +  * **Advanced Options**
 +    * **Memory Split: 16**, we use only the text interface of the GPU.
 +    * **Expand Filesystem** (no longer required: Raspbian Stretch does it automatically at first boot).
 +
 +Be sure to have all the latest updates:
 +
 +<code>
 +apt-get update && apt-get upgrade
 +</code>
 +
 +The scripts to run the AirPi station require several **Debian packages**; install them all:
 +
 +<code>
 +apt-get install build-essential busybox-syslogd git i2c-tools \
 +    nginx php7.0-fpm php7.0-sqlite3 \
 +    python-dev python-requests python-smbus python-serial python-tz \
 +    rrdtool snmp snmp-mibs-downloader snmpd sqlite3
 +</code>
 +
 +Because we installed **busybox-syslogd** to get system log facilities, we can remove rsyslog:
 +
 +<code>
 +dpkg --purge rsyslog
 +</code>
 +
 +There are some packeges not strictly required by the AirPi station, but that I find very useful:
 +
 +<code>
 +apt-get install dselect dump mc minicom nmap screen setserial sniffit tcpdump vim
 +</code>
 +
 +Edit **/etc/nginx/sites-available/default** to enable PHP into the Nginx web server, then reload Nginx.
 +===== DS3231 RTC Clock =====
 +
 +If you instelled the Real-Time Clock module edit **/etc/modules** and **/etc/rc.local** as explained in **[[#Enabling RTC at bootstrap]]**, then you should remove the **fake-hwclock** package:
 +
 +<code>
 +vi /etc/modules
 +vi /etc/rc.local
 +dpkg --purge fake-hwclock
 +</code>
 +
 +===== Python Libraries =====
 +
 +The **Adafruit library for the GPIO** lines is required by the Adafruit BME280 library to access I2C bus. It is advisable to install also some packages **from the Raspbian distro**, otherwise the python setup will try to download and install a local version:
 +
 +<code>
 +apt-get install python-dev python-setuptools python-spidev
 +</code>
 +
 +The Adafruit Python library is installed from the Git repository:
 +
 +<code>
 +cd /usr/local/src/
 +git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_GPIO.git
 +cd Adafruit_Python_GPIO
 +python setup.py install
 +</code>
 +
 +The setup procedure will download and install also the **Adafruit_PureIO** library. Everything will be installed into the **/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/** directory.
 +===== Serial Line =====
 +
 +Setting the serial line via **raspi-config** as exposed above should suffice, for more info see **[[#More on Serial Line (Manual Setup)]]**. The kernel will expose the serial line at bootstrap using the device **/dev/ttyAMA0** (Raspberry Pi 2) or **/dev/serial0** (Raspberry Pi 3). Read the kernel messages using the **dmesg** command.
 +
 +===== AirPi software =====
 +
 +This software collection will bring you:
 +
 +  * The scripts to read sensors data (BME280 and PMS5003).
 +  * The cronjobs to gather data periodically.
 +  * The web interface to display sensors data.
 +  * The configuration web interface.
 +
 +Everything is stored into the **[[https://github.com/RigacciOrg/AirPi|GitHub AirPi repository]]**, there is a Makefile included, which should do the installation.
 +
 +<code>
 +cd /usr/local/src
 +git clone https://github.com/RigacciOrg/AirPi
 +cd AirPi
 +make install-lib
 +make install-config
 +make install-html
 +make install-webconfig
 +</code>
 +
 +Edit the **/etc/airpi/airpi.cfg** configuration file and make sure you have the rights //bme280// **I2C_ADDRESS** and  //pms5003// **DEVICE**. Now you should be able to read the sensors, using these commands:
 +
 +<code>
 +vi /etc/airpi/airpi.cfg
 +/usr/local/lib/airpi/bme280-snmp
 +/usr/local/lib/airpi/pms5003
 +</code>
 +
 +FIXME Configuration using the web interface uses a custom framework, which is not yet released. Everything you change from the **%%http://<station>/config/%%** web pages is not actually applied to the various configuration files. So you have to edit the configuration files stated above, manually.
 +
 +====== Hardware Setup and Test ======
  
 ===== DS3231 RTC Clock ===== ===== DS3231 RTC Clock =====
Line 148: Line 261:
  
 <code> <code>
-apt-get install build-essential python-dev python-smbus git+apt-get install git build-essential python-dev python-smbus python-setuptools python-spidev
 cd /usr/local/src/ cd /usr/local/src/
 git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_GPIO.git git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_GPIO.git
Line 357: Line 470:
 ==== Export to DXF ==== ==== Export to DXF ====
  
-In OpenSCAD we use the menu //Design// -> //Compile and Render (CGAL)//. If the object is only bi-dimensional it will be rendered with a red outline and cyan filling. Only in this case we will be able to //File// -> //Export// -> //Export as DXF...//.+In OpenSCAD we use the menu //Design// -> //Render//. If the object is only bi-dimensional it will be rendered with a red outline and cyan filling. Only in this case we will be able to //File// -> //Export// -> //Export as DXF...//.
  
 ==== Using Inkscape to add writings, logos and to layout the pieces ==== ==== Using Inkscape to add writings, logos and to layout the pieces ====
Line 376: Line 489:
  
 To lay out the shapes into a single project, you should follow the guidelines of the laser cutting services that you will to use. Generally they **provide some templates** (Inkscape is well supported), which shows you how big is the cutting area, and the stroke and the fill that you have to use. To lay out the shapes into a single project, you should follow the guidelines of the laser cutting services that you will to use. Generally they **provide some templates** (Inkscape is well supported), which shows you how big is the cutting area, and the stroke and the fill that you have to use.
-====== Software setup ====== 
  
-==== Basic Raspbian Setup ====+===== More Software Setup =====
  
-The base system is a **Raspbian GNU/Linux 9**, based on **Debian Stretch**. Some system configurations are accomplished using the **raspi-config** tool, we run at least:+=== SNMP ===
  
-  * **Interfacing Options** +FIXME make configuration to expose sensors values via SNMPD.
-    * **Enable SSH** to get remote login via SSH. +
-    * **Enable I2C**, on this bus we have the BME280 sensor and the DS3231 clock. +
-    * **Serial** +
-      * **Disable Serial Login Shell**, our software will use the serial line instead. +
-      * **Enable Serial Port**, we have the PMS5003 sensor attached to it. +
-  * **Localisation Options** +
-    * **Change Locale**, choose the locales you nedd (e.g. en_US.UTF-8). +
-    * **Change Timezone**, set the proper timezone. Data timestamps will be stored in UTC time. +
-    * **Change Wi-fi Country**, to use the proper frequencies, etc. +
-  * **Advanced Options** +
-    * **Memory Split: 16**, we use only the text interface of the GPU. +
-    * **Expand Filesystem** (no longer required: Raspbian Stretch does it automatically at first boot).+
  
-Be sure to have all the latest updates: +<code bash> 
- +#!/bin/sh 
-<code> +SENSORS="temperature pressure humidity cputemp" 
-apt-get update && apt-get upgrade+SENSORS="$SENSORS pm1.0 pm2.5 pm10 gt00.3um gt00.5um gt01.0um gt02.5um gt05.0um gt10.0um" 
 +for SENSOR in $SENSORS; do 
 +    snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 127.0.0.1 "NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutput1Line.\"$SENSOR\"" 
 +done
 </code> </code>
  
-The scripts to run the AirPi station require several **Debian packages**; install them all:+=== Logread Buffer Len ===
  
-<code> +We installed **busybox-syslogd** instead of **rsyslog**, so that the system log is stored into a RAM ring-buffer and thus saving SD card write cycles. If you want to have a larger memory buffer (e.g. 2 Mb) put this into **''/etc/default/busybox-syslogd''**:
-apt-get install build-essential busybox-syslogd git i2c-tools \ +
-    nginx php7.0-fpm php7.0-sqlite3 \ +
-    python-dev python-requests python-smbus python-serial python-tz \ +
-    rrdtool snmp snmp-mibs-downloader snmpd sqlite3 +
-</code>+
  
-Because we installed **busybox-syslogd** to get system log facilities, we can remove rsyslog:+<file> 
 +SYSLOG_OPTS="-C2048" 
 +</file>
  
-<code> +=== PMS5003 Reset Line ===
-dpkg --purge rsyslog +
-</code>+
  
-There are some packeges not strictly required by the AirPi station, but that I find very useful:+We used the PMS5003 sensor quite extensively for about 9 months, 24h/24h with one reading every 15 minutes and sensor sleep in between: we never registered a failure. Neverthless the sensors has a RESET pin which can be used just in case. The pin is keept high by an internal pull-up resistor, so we can leave it vacant. In our experience it seems also that we can leave it attached to a Rapspberry's GPIO (we used #17) and leave it not initialized.
  
-<code> +If you need, we have included the script **''/usr/local/lib/airpi/pms5003-gpio-set''**. Run it once at startup to export the GPIO device (i.e. it will be accessible under **''/sys/class/gpio/gpio17/''**) and to set it HIGH. In this case the **pms5003** controlling program will try a RESET signal if the sensor will became not responsive. Just add the following lines into **''/etc/rc.local''** (before the last line ''exit 0''):
-apt-get install dselect dump mc minicom nmap screen setserial sniffit tcpdump vim +
-</code>+
  
-Edit **/etc/nginx/sites-available/default** to enable PHP into the Nginx web server, then reload Nginx. +<file> 
-==== DS3231 RTC Clock ==== +# ==== PMS5003 RESET pin ==== 
- +# Set the GPIO pin to normal HIGH. The controlling program will bring 
-If you instelled the Real-Time Clock module edit **/etc/modules** and **/etc/rc.local** as explained in **[[#Enabling RTC at bootstrap]]**, then you should remove the **fake-hwclock** package: +# it down for a short time, if device reset is required. 
- +/usr/local/lib/airpi/pms5003-gpio-set high 
-<code> +</file>
-vi /etc/modules +
-vi /etc/rc.local +
-dpkg --purge fake-hwclock +
-</code> +
- +
-==== Python Libraries ==== +
- +
-The **Adafruit library for the GPIO** lines is required by the Adafruit BME280 library to access I2C bus: +
- +
-<code> +
-cd /usr/local/src/ +
-git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_GPIO.git +
-cd Adafruit_Python_GPIO +
-python setup.py install +
-</code> +
- +
-==== Serial Line ==== +
- +
-Setting the serial line via **raspi-config** as exposed above should suffice, for more info see **[[#More on Serial Line (Manual Setup)]]**. The kernel will expose the serial line at bootstrap using the device **/dev/ttyAMA0** (Raspberry Pi 2) or **/dev/serial0** (Raspberry Pi 3). Read the kernel messages using the **dmesg** command. +
-==== AirPi software ==== +
- +
-This software collection will bring you: +
- +
-  * The scripts to read sensors data (BME280 and PMS5003). +
-  * The cronjobs to gather data periodically. +
-  * The web interface to display sensors data. +
-  * The configuration web interface. +
- +
-Everything is stored into the **[[https://github.com/RigacciOrg/AirPi|GitHub AirPi repository]]**, there is a Makefile included, which should do the installation. +
- +
-<code> +
-cd /usr/local/src +
-git clone https://github.com/RigacciOrg/AirPi +
-cd AirPi +
-make install-lib +
-make install-config +
-make install-html +
-make install-webconfig +
-</code> +
- +
-Edit the **/etc/airpi/airpi.cfg** configuration file and make sure you have the rights //bme280// **I2C_ADDRESS** and  //pms5003// **DEVICE**. Now you should be able to read the sensors, using these commands: +
- +
-<code> +
-vi /etc/airpi/airpi.cfg +
-/usr/local/lib/airpi/bme280-snmp +
-/usr/local/lib/airpi/pms5003 +
-</code> +
- +
-FIXME Configuration using the web interface uses a custom framework, which is not yet released. Everything you change from the **%%http://<station>/config/%%** web pages is not actually applied to the various configuration files. So you have to edit the configuration files stated above, manually. +
-===== Other setup ===== +
- +
-FIXME SNMPD, logread buffer len, ...+
  
 ===== More on Serial Line (Manual Setup) ===== ===== More on Serial Line (Manual Setup) =====
doc/appunti/hardware/raspberrypi_air.1507401659.txt.gz · Last modified: 2017/10/07 20:40 by niccolo