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doc:appunti:linux:audio:audio_recording [2019/04/23 12:50] – [Web References] niccolodoc:appunti:linux:audio:audio_recording [2020/12/28 17:21] – [Web References] niccolo
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 A small movable **induction coil**, positioned in the **magnetic field** of a permanent magnet, is attached to the diaphragm. The sound wave moves the diaphragm and the coil moves in the magnetic field, producing a varying current in the coil through **electromagnetic induction**. No power is required: the current is carried directly on **two poles** to the mic input. These microphones generally have a **1/4" mono jack**. A small movable **induction coil**, positioned in the **magnetic field** of a permanent magnet, is attached to the diaphragm. The sound wave moves the diaphragm and the coil moves in the magnetic field, producing a varying current in the coil through **electromagnetic induction**. No power is required: the current is carried directly on **two poles** to the mic input. These microphones generally have a **1/4" mono jack**.
 +
 ==== Condenser ==== ==== Condenser ====
  
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 Unlike capacitor ones, electret microphones **do not require polarizing voltage**, but generally they contain an integrated preamplifier that **does require power**. In this cases a **TRS jack** can be used, where the ring carries power via a resistor from, normally, a 5 V supply in the computer (often incorrectly called //polarizing power// or //bias//). Generally these microphones built to be plugged into computers and electronic audio devices, have a **TRS 3.5 mm jack**, carrying the mic signal and the required current. Unlike capacitor ones, electret microphones **do not require polarizing voltage**, but generally they contain an integrated preamplifier that **does require power**. In this cases a **TRS jack** can be used, where the ring carries power via a resistor from, normally, a 5 V supply in the computer (often incorrectly called //polarizing power// or //bias//). Generally these microphones built to be plugged into computers and electronic audio devices, have a **TRS 3.5 mm jack**, carrying the mic signal and the required current.
  
-===== External mic on the Acer Travelmate B113-E ===== +====== Problem: silence gaps using a cheap USB dongle ======
- +
-Running **Debian GNU/Linux 9 Stretch**, it seems that the use of the **headphone/microphone split cable** does not abilitate the use of the microphone. In fac, if you run the **acpi_listen** tool (from the **acpid** Debian package), you can see when you insert the split cable: +
- +
-<code> +
-jack/headphone HEADPHONE plug +
-jack/headphone HEADPHONE unplug +
-</code> +
- +
-but nothing is reported about the plug of a microphone. Beside that, no bias current appear on the microphone jack. The solution is to run the **hdajackretask** tool (from the **alsa-tools-gui** Debian package), then force the connection of **Pin 0x19**: +
- +
-  * Enable the **Show unconnected pins** option. +
-  * Click **Pin ID: 0x19** => **Override** => **Microphone**. +
-  * **Apply now** (it asks for the root password, as it has to run a script with superuser privileges). +
- +
-the running **acpi_listen** will print: +
- +
-<code> +
-jack/microphone MICROPHONE plug +
-</code> +
- +
-Now you can also measure a **bias current of 2.85 V** between the ground (**sleeve**) and the **ring** or the **tip**. +
- +
-Using **alsamixer** you can control the capture device (hit F6 to select the **HDA Intel PCH** sound card), it is advisable to set **Mic Boost** as low as possible (eventually zero) and **Capture** level to 100. +
- +
-Is not clear **how to disable the external microphone**: re-setting **Pin 0x19** to **Not connected** does not generate the ACPI microphone unplug event, and the bias current is not cleared. The bias power disappears from the jack after a poweroff or an hybernation, so the external microphone seems to be "unplugged" after these events. +
- +
-===== Problem: silence gaps using a cheap USB dongle =====+
  
 I was **unable to use the microphone connector** on my Acer TravelMate, so I tried to use an USB dongle, marked **LinQ**. The device was detected by the Linux Kernel 4.9.0: I was **unable to use the microphone connector** on my Acer TravelMate, so I tried to use an USB dongle, marked **LinQ**. The device was detected by the Linux Kernel 4.9.0:
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 {{audacity-track-gaps.png?direct&400|}} {{audacity-track-gaps.png?direct&400|}}
  
-===== Ugreen USB audio adapter ===== +====== Wireless UHF microphone ======
- +
-The device is detected by the Linux Kernel 4.9.0 in this way: +
- +
-<code> +
-usb 2-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 5 using ehci-pci +
-usb 2-1.3: New USB device found, idVendor=0d8c, idProduct=0024 +
-usb 2-1.3: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0 +
-usb 2-1.3: Product: USB Advanced Audio Device +
-usb 2-1.3: Manufacturer: C-Media Electronics Inc. +
-input: C-Media Electronics Inc. USB Advanced Audio Device as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0 +
-    /usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.3/0003:0D8C:0024.0004/input/input18 +
-hid-generic 0003:0D8C:0024.0004: +
-    input,hidraw2: USB HID v1.11 Device [C-Media Electronics Inc. USB Advanced Audio Device] +
-    on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.3/input3 +
-</code> +
- +
-{{ ugreen-usb-audio.jpg?direct&220|Ugreen USB Audio Adapter}} +
- +
-Launching **alsamixer** and hitting F6 you can select the **USB Advanced Audio Device** sound card. Hit F4 to view the only one capture device, i.e. the microphone input line. Press **Space** to enable/disable the **capture** and **Up/Down arrows** to increase/decrease the **gain**. +
- +
-It seems that the best setting for audio recording through the mic, is to keep the **capture mic gain to 100**: +
- +
-{{usb-advanced-audio-device-alsamixer.png?direct&300|USB Advenced Audio Device in Alsamixer}} +
- +
-The **microphone socket** is a **3.5 mm TRS type** (three poles), it provides a bias current of **2.6 V** on both the **tip** and the **ring**, so it is advisable, as reported in the device manual, to **NOT use a simple two poles mono jack** (TS type), because it will short-circuit the bias current on the ring with the ground on the sleeve. +
- +
-===== Wireless UHF microphone =====+
  
 We have purchased an **UHF wireless microphone** on Aliexpress.com for about 25 €. It is composed by: We have purchased an **UHF wireless microphone** on Aliexpress.com for about 25 €. It is composed by:
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 The **2.6 volt** current provided by the USB adapter on th **jack ring** will go nowhere (not connected). The **2.6 volt** current provided on the **jack tip** is probably not required by the UHF receiver, but **it should not harm**. **No infromation** is available about **microphone impedence** expected by the USB adapter, on the other hand no information is available about the **impedence of the mic interface** of the UHF receiver. The **2.6 volt** current provided by the USB adapter on th **jack ring** will go nowhere (not connected). The **2.6 volt** current provided on the **jack tip** is probably not required by the UHF receiver, but **it should not harm**. **No infromation** is available about **microphone impedence** expected by the USB adapter, on the other hand no information is available about the **impedence of the mic interface** of the UHF receiver.
  
-Despite all this empirical approach, the **voice registration is quite satisfying**! +Despite all this empirical approach, the **voice registration is quite satisfying**! See below about connecting the microphone to an Acer TravelMate notebook an to an Android smartphone.
-====== Audio Recording With Android ====== +
- +
-Recording audio using an **external microphone** connected to an **Android device** can be a real nightmare. We tried the hard way using a Chinese, no-brand, **wireless UHF microphone**! +
- +
-We can group the problems you can face in three main categories: +
- +
-  * Physical connection +
-  * Electrical compatibility and hardware autodetection +
-  * Software capabilities and settings +
- +
-===== Physical connection ===== +
- +
-Most Android devices have a **3.5 mm jack** accepting a **TRRS connector in CTIA standard** and every brand of mobile phones produces **headsets** with their own standard. The vast majority of solutions uses **electret microphones** requiring a **bias current**, but use **some combinations of impedence** to detect the insertion of the microphone and to **handle the headset button** (or buttons). +
- +
-So, connecting an external microphone, can be as simple as making a cable that connects the **ring** and the **sleve** of the **CTIA connector** to (respectively) the **ground** and the **microphone line** of the microphone. The hard part is to guess, or empirically try, if the microphone **requires a bias current**, if the Android device is provinding such a current and if the microphone produces a sufficient **output level** (actually a voltage in the order of the millivolts) that can be used by the device. +
- +
-===== Electrical compatibility and hardware autodetection ===== +
- +
-As stated above, the first problem is **powering the microphone** itself, because generally we will use an **electret** one. It is a **common practice** to provide the power on the same line of the microphone signal, so **requiring just two wires** for both power (from the device to the mic) and for signal (from the mic to the device). The power, also called //bias current//, is generally in the range of **2.5** to **5.0 volt**.+
  
-FIXME: How much current is provided in our test? Is the current always present or switched-on only at jack insertion?+===== Wireless mic on the Acer Travelmate TMB113-E =====
  
-Another parameter which should be considered is the **impedence** FIXME+See this article about **[[audio_recording_tmb113_e]]**.
  
-===== Software capabilities and settings =====+===== Wireless mic on Android =====
  
-FIXME Complete the article!+See this article about **[[audio_recording_android]]**.
  
-Wishing to connect the **UHF microphone** to an **Android smartphone**, we prepared an **adapter cable**. From 3.5 mm jack TRRS male to 1/4" jack TS female, with this pinout:+===== Wireless mic on Ugreen USB audio adapter =====
  
-^ 1/4" TS female jack  ^ Signal         ^ 3.5 mm TRRS male jack (CTIA)  ^ +See this article about **[[audio_recording_usb_adapter]]**.
-|                      | Not connected  | **Tip**                       | +
-|                      | Not connected  | **Ring**                      | +
-| **Sleeve**           | Ground         | **Ring**                      | +
-| **Tip**              | Microphone     | **Sleeve**                    |+
  
-The smartphone **did not sensed the microphone**, there is not much documentation about it, but it seems that the **autodetection** of the microphone is **based upon the impedence** of the mic itself, if it is too low, it is not detected. +====== Web References ======
-===== Web References =====+
  
   * [[wp>Microphone]]   * [[wp>Microphone]]
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   * [[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47394634/difference-between-voice-communication-and-mic-in-mediarecorder-audiosource|Difference between VOICE_COMMUNICATION and MIC in MediaRecorder.AudioSource]]   * [[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47394634/difference-between-voice-communication-and-mic-in-mediarecorder-audiosource|Difference between VOICE_COMMUNICATION and MIC in MediaRecorder.AudioSource]]
   * [[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47359587/what-is-the-best-audiosource-setting-for-calls|What is the best audiosource setting for calls?]]   * [[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47359587/what-is-the-best-audiosource-setting-for-calls|What is the best audiosource setting for calls?]]
 +  * [[https://amp.reddit.com/r/androidapps/comments/4wo8sz/app_to_force_android_to_use_external_microphone/|App to force android to use external microphone when one is plugged in]]
doc/appunti/linux/audio/audio_recording.txt · Last modified: 2020/12/28 18:22 by niccolo