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====== Howto create a Debian repository ======

===== Using reprepro =====

Vedere gli articoli **[[http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/286|Setting up your own APT repository with upload support]]** e **[[http://www.jejik.com/articles/2006/09/setting_up_and_managing_an_apt_repository_with_reprepro/|Setting up and managing an APT repository with reprepro]]**.

Il programma **reprepro** consente di gestire agevolmente un repository per diverse suite (//stable//, //testing//, ecc.) e diverse architetture (//source//, //i386//, //amd64//, ecc.).

Se si gestisce più di una suite i **nomi dei pacchetti** e il **numero di versione** devono essere accuratamente scelti.

In generale conviene che nel numero di versione sia compresa anche la suite, in modo che i file **''.diff.gz''**, **''.dsc''**, **''.changes''** e **''.deb''** possano coesistere nella directory ''pool/'' quando sono compilati dalla stessa versione di sorgente, ma per suite differenti. Ad esempio:

<code>
libgdal-perl_1.6.3-3~gfossit50+1_i386.deb
libgdal-perl_1.6.3-3~gfossit60+1_i386.deb
</code>

sono due pacchetti generati dallo stesso sorgente **''gdal_1.6.3.orig.tar.gz''**, entrambi per architettura //i386//, ma compilati il primo su Debian Lenny (v.5.0) e il secondo su Debian Squeeze (presumibilmente v.6.0).

Altrimenti si corre il rischio di non poter aggiungere il file al repository, per via dell'errore:

<code>
File "pool/main/p/proj/proj-bin_4.7.0-1_i386.deb" is already registered with other md5sum!
</code>

==== Inizializzazione ====

Nella radice del repository creare una struttura di directory:

<code>
mkdir conf incoming
</code>

quindi creare il file di configurazione **''conf/distributions''**:

<file>
Origin: Niccolo Rigacci <niccolo@rigacci.org>
Label: Debian Lenny GFOSS packages
Suite: stable
Codename: lenny
Version: 5.0.4
Architectures: i386 amd64 source
Components: main
Description: Geographic Free and Open Source Software. Unofficial Debian packages: use at your own risk.
SignWith: 0FC37F09

Origin: Niccolo Rigacci <niccolo@rigacci.org>
Label: Debian Squeeze GFOSS packages
Suite: testing
Codename: squeeze
Architectures: i386 amd64 source
Components: main
Description: Geographic Free and Open Source Software. Unofficial Debian packages: use at your own risk.
SignWith: 0FC37F09
</file>

La chiave per firmare le release (in questo caso 0FC37F09) deve essere disponibile nel proprio keyring, verificare con  **''gpg --list-keys''**.

Alcune opzioni che vogliamo sempre passare al comando ''reprepro'' (vedi avanti) possono essere messe in **''conf/options''**

<file>
verbose
ask-passphrase
basedir .
</file>

==== Gestione pacchetti ====

**ATTENZIONE:** in tutti i comandi che seguono sono state omesse le opzioni **''%%--ask-passphrase -Vb .%%''** in quanto presenti nel file di configurazione ''conf/options''.

**Per aggiunge un singolo pacchetto** .deb ad una suite:

<code>
reprepro includedeb lenny /tmp/python-gdal_1.6.3-1_amd64.deb
</code>

La release viene firmata con chiave GPG creando il file ''dists/<codename>/Release.gpg''.

**Per aggiungere tutti i pacchetti** risultanti da un ''dpkg-buildpackage'' ad una suite, si utilizza il file **''.changes''**. Generalmente questo comprende i pacchetti per la specifica architettura (es. **''i386''**), i **''source''** e gli **''all''**:

<code>
reprepro include squeeze /tmp/qgis_1.5.0~svn20100318+gfossit-1_i386.changes
</code>

L'eventuale vecchia versione del pacchetto viene automaticamente rimossa, dalla suite e dalla directory ''pool/''.

Se il pacchetto è stato compilato per //unstable// mentre lo si vuole aggiungere a //lenny//, è necessario il parametro **''%%--ignore=wrongdistribution%%''**.

Se ''reprepro'' non riesce a trovare il file ''.orig.tar.gz'' può essere necessario il parametro **''%%--ignore=missingfile%%''**.

**Per elencare tutti i pacchetti presenti** in una suite (si usa il trucco di chiedere che abbiano //Section// diversa da un valore fasullo):

<code>
reprepro listfilter lenny "Section (!= none)"
</code>

**Per elencare tutti i file presenti** nel database degli md5sum (dovrebbero essere tutti i file presenti in ''pool/''):

<code>
reprepro _listmd5sums
</code>

**Per vedere la versione di un pacchetto** contenuto in una suite:

<code>
reprepro list lenny grass
</code>

**Per rimuovere un pacchetto** da una suite (vengono tolte le versioni per tutte le architetture, compresa //source// e vengono rimossi i rispettivi file dalla directory ''pool/''):

<code>
reprepro remove lenny grass
</code>

Se si toglie a mano un file da ''pool/'' bisogna correggere l'inconsistenza con ''_forget'', vedi sotto.

**Per rigenerare tutti gli indici** (normalmente non è necessario se le operazioni di inclusione e rimozione dei pacchetti sono state effettuate correttamente):

<code>
reprepro export
</code>

**Per verificare la consistenza** del repository:

<code>
reprepro check lenny
reprepro checkpool
</code>

**Per risolvere un Missing file pool/...**. Se il file manca dalla directory ''pool/'' ed è elencato nel database degli md5sum:

<code>
reprepro _forget pool/main/libg/libgdal-grass/libgdal-grass_1.6.3-1.diff.gz
</code>

Se invece il file risulta necessario per la presenza di altri file, è necessario rimuovere gli altri file:

<code>
reprepro check lenny
Checking lenny...
Missing file pool/main/libg/libgdal-grass/libgdal-grass_1.6.3-1.dsc
Files are missing for 'libgdal-grass'!

reprepro list lenny libgdal-grass
lenny|main|source: libgdal-grass 1.6.3-1                                     

reprepro remove lenny libgdal-grass
removing 'libgdal-grass' from 'lenny|main|source'...
</code>

===== Using apt-ftparchive =====

We will create the repository **debian-nic**, with a single distribution **etch (testing)** and two sections: **gis** and **server**.

==== Create the directory tree ====

This is the directory tree to be created:

<file>
/
└─ var
   └─ www
      └─ default
         └─ debian-nic
            ├─ dists
            │  ├─ etch
            │  │  ├─ gis
            │  │  │  ├─ binary-i386
            │  │  │  └─ source
            │  │  └─ server
            │  │     ├─ binary-i386
            │  │     └─ source
            │  └─ testing -> etch
            ├─ ftparchive
            └─ pool
               ├─ gis
               └─ server
</file>

==== Generate a DSA key to sign the archive ====

In this example the administrator of the repository will be the **root** user, use another user if you can!

<code bash>
cd /var/www/default/debian-nic
mkdir .gnupg
chown root:root .gnupg
chmod 0700 .gnupg
gpg  --homedir .gnupg --gen-key
</code>

Those are the info provided to generate the key:

^ kind of key      | (1) DSA and Elgamal (default) |
^ DSA keypair size | 1024 bits                     |
^ ELG-E keys size  | 2048 bits                     |
^ Key is valid for | 2y                            |
^ Real name        | Niccolo Rigacci               |
^ Email address    | niccolo at rigacci.org        |
^ Comment          | Debian packages archive       |

The public key should be exported and published as an ASCII armored file:

<code>
cd /var/www/default/debian-nic
gpg --homedir .gnupg --list-keys
gpg --homedir .gnupg --export -a > debian-nic.key
</code>

==== Configuring apt-ftparchive ====

We will use ''apt-ftparchive'' to build the Debian archive, this is the configuration file ''**/var/www/default/debian-nic/repository.conf**'':

<code>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This is an apt-ftparchive(1) configuration file used to create
// a repository of Debian packages.
//
// We intend to provide packages to be installed onto a standard Debian
// box, so our distributions $(DIST) are named upon official Debian
// ones: woody, sarge, etch, ...
//
// Our sections $(SECTION) are named accordingly to the purpose of the
// packages: gis (packages for a GIS workstation), server (packages
// suitable for a server), ...
// We do not follow the official Debian components (main, non-free, ...)
//
// Usage:  apt-ftparchive generate repository.conf
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// The Dir section defines the standard directories needed to locate
// the files  required during the generation process.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dir {
    // Specifies the root of the FTP archive, this is the
    // directory that contains the dist node.
    ArchiveDir "/var/www/default/debian-nic";

    // Specifies the location of the cache files used by
    // apt-ftparchive to cache the contents of .deb files.
    CacheDir "/var/www/default/debian-nic/ftparchive/";

    // Specifies the location of the override files.
    // There can be override files for binary, source and extra.
    OverrideDir "/var/www/default/debian-nic/indices";

    // Specifies the location of the file list files, if the
    // FileList setting is used (see below).
    FileListDir "/var/www/default/debian-nic/indices";

    // What is an override file?
    // What is a file list file?
};


//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// The  Default section specifies default values, and settings that
// control the operation of the generator. Other sections may override
// these defaults with a per-section setting.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
Default {
    Packages::Compress ". gzip bzip2";
    Sources::Compress ". gzip bzip2";
    Contents::Compress ". gzip bzip2";
};


//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Sets defaults specific to Tree sections. All of these variables are
// substitution variables and have the strings $(DIST), $(SECTION) and
// $(ARCH) replaced with their respective values.
//
// DIST      Something like stable, testing, ...
// SECTION   Something like main, non-free, contrib
// ARCH      Something like i386, m68k, ...
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
TreeDefault {
    // Binary cache database for this section. Creted into CacheDir.
    BinCacheDB "packages-$(SECTION)-$(ARCH).db";
    // Sets the top of the .deb directory tree.
    Directory "pool/$(SECTION)";
    // Sets the output Packages file.
    Packages "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/binary-$(ARCH)/Packages";
    // Sets the top of the source package directory tree.
    SrcDirectory "pool/$(SECTION)";
    // Sets the output Sources file.
    Sources "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/source/Sources";
    // Sets the output Contents file.
    Contents "$(DIST)/Contents-$(ARCH)";

    // Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree,
    // apt-ftparchive should read the list of files from the
    // given file. Relative file names are prefixed with the
    // FileListDir.
    //FileList "$(DIST)/$(SECTION).filelist";

};


//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// The Tree section defines a standard Debian file tree which consists
// of a base directory, then multiple sections in that base directory
// and finally multiple Architectures in each section.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tree "dists/etch" {

    // This is a space separated list of sections which appear under
    // the distribution, typically this is something like main
    // contrib non-free
    Sections "gis server";

    // This is a space separated list of all the architectures that
    // appear under search section. The special architecture 'source'
    // is used to indicate that this tree has a source archive.
    Architectures "i386 source";
}
</code>

==== Update the archive contents ====

Once you have filled the archive with packages, you need to generate //Packages//, //Sources//, //Contents-*// files, we created the following script ''**/var/www/default/debian-nic/repository-update**'':

<code bash>
#!/bin/sh

ArchiveDir="/var/www/default/debian-nic"

# Basically the following command will generate:
# - dists/$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/binary-$(ARCH)/Packages
# - dists/$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/source/Sources
# - dists/$(DIST)/Contents-$(ARCH)
# See repository.conf for extensive comments.
apt-ftparchive generate "$ArchiveDir/repository.conf"

# Create the "dists/$(DIST)/Release" file, needed if the
# archive is to be signed.
#
# It recursively searches the given directory for Packages,
# Sources, Release and md5sum.txt files. It then writes to
# stdout a Release file containing an MD5 digest and SHA1
# digest for each file.
# Values for the additional metadata fields in the Release file
# are taken from the -c configuration file.
#
# TODO: How to skip top level Release file itself?
#
apt-ftparchive -c "$ArchiveDir/release.conf" \
    release "$ArchiveDir/dists/etch" \
    > "$ArchiveDir/dists/etch/Release"

# Sign the Release file:
# -b  Make a detached signature
# -a  Create ASCII armored output
gpg --homedir /var/www/default/debian-nic/.gnupg \
    --output "$ArchiveDir/dists/etch/Release.gpg" \
    -ba "$ArchiveDir/dists/etch/Release"
#
# The public key of this repository should be exported as an
# ASCII armored file, and then added by the client using
# apt-key (will be stored into /etc/apt/trusted.gpg).
#
#   gpg --homedir /var/www/default/debian-nic/.gnupg --list-keys
#   gpg --homedir /var/www/default/debian-nic/.gnupg --export -a > debian-nic.key
#
#   apt-key add debian-nic.key
#   apt-key list
#   apt-key del <HEX_ID>
#
</code>

===== Client configuration =====

Must add into /etc/apt/sources.list:

<code>
deb      http://paros.rigacci.org/debian-nic/   etch   gis server
deb-src  http://paros.rigacci.org/debian-nic/   etch   gis server
</code>

Must execute

<code>
wget http://paros.rigacci.org/debian-nic/debian-nic.key
apt-key add debian-nic.key
</code>